J.P.S. Uberoi (b. 1934) has held one of the longest professorships at the Department and Centre of Advanced Studies in Sociology, Delhi School of Economics (1969–99), where he established the European Studies Programme. His social-anthropological investigations have stretched through the study of European science, mind and underground to linguistic pluralism, frontiers, Indian medievalism and modernity. He has done pioneering work on Sikhism, presenting it as an example of successful Indian modernity in its resolution of the relation between religion, civil society and the state.