This is a two-colour book that uses visual aids to make it attractive and engaging for learners. It comprehensively covers all the topics relevant to the Political Science (Mains) paper of the UPSC Civil Services Examination and other state-level PSC exams in its 65 chapters. Additionally, the appendices provide supplementary information in 14 sub-lists. Aspirants of all backgrounds will find the clear and accessible writing style easy to understand. This latest edition incorporates the most recent developments in Indian politics, ensuring that aspirants have access to the most current information. The appendices have been entirely revamped with new entries, and nearly all chapters have been updated to reflect recent events such as the new Parliament building, the abrogation of Article 370 in J&K, the National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Bill 2021, and the Citizenship Amendment Act (2019). The book utilises a variety of learning tools to reinforce understanding and make the content engaging: Visual Aids: Two-colour design with linear diagrams and informative boxes to clarify complex topics. Emphasis on Key Concepts: Important keywords and figures are defined throughout the text for easy reference. Detailed Explanations: Specific chapters include glossaries for in-depth understanding of terminology. Supplementary Resources: Each chapter provides additional important information, while a comprehensive bibliography offers opportunities for further exploration.