Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic, widely regarded as one of the most influential intellectuals of the 20th century. He made significant contributions to logic, analytic philosophy, and the philosophy of mathematics, co-authoring Principia Mathematica (1910–1913) with Alfred North Whitehead, a foundational work in mathematical logic.
Born into an aristocratic family, Russell studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he became a leading figure in philosophy. His work The Problems of Philosophy (1912) is a seminal introduction to epistemology and metaphysics. He was also a staunch advocate of pacifism, social justice, and free thought, often challenging political and religious dogma.
Russell’s influence extended beyond academia; he was an outspoken critic of war, nuclear weapons, and totalitarianism. In 1950, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his writings championing humanitarian ideals. His later works, including A History of Western Philosophy (1945), made complex philosophical ideas accessible to a broad audience.
Russell remained politically active until his death on February 2, 1970, in Wales. His legacy endures in philosophy, logic, and human rights, as his works continue to shape modern thought and ethical discourse.