This comprehensive machine shop theory textbook, published under the Craftsmen Training Scheme (CTS), is an essential resource for NSQF Level 4 students. Endorsed by Skill India and the Industrial Training Institute, this guide covers advanced machining concepts and practical applications. The book features detailed explanations of lathe operations, metal cutting principles, and workshop calculations. Written in clear, accessible language, it serves as a valuable reference for aspiring machinists and industrial craftsmen. The content aligns with current industry standards and includes practical examples to reinforce theoretical concepts. Perfect for both classroom learning and self-study, this textbook helps students develop the technical knowledge needed for successful careers in manufacturing and metalworking industries.